Nov 7, 2013

Building Eclipse C/C++ projects for 32-bit on a 64-bit system

In my systems programming course we learn various techniques of the C programming language. On multiple assignments we are provided code that only runs on 32-bit. I run Linux Mint 64-bit on my laptop, using Eclipse for my C/C++ development and the GNU toolchain to compile, which is an issue when the 32-bit C/C++ code is compiled by default for 64-bit. Valgrind is also unhappy since it cannot run the cross compiled 32-bit code (probably many other profiling tools encounter this as well).

This guide should work flawlessly on Ubuntu and its derivatives since Linux Mint is based upon Ubuntu and uses its packages.

I solved this problem by adding the -m32 tag to the eclipse compiler and linker settings, and installing the required 32-bit packages for my operating system.

Method

In eclipse

Go to Project->Properties then click on Settings, which is under C/C++ Build
Make sure that the current configuration that is selected is All Configurations
Select the Tool Settings tab, select GCC C Compiler, if it isn’t selected already, and in the Command form change gcc to gcc -m32 to enable 32-bit compiling with GCC
Do the same change of gcc to gcc -m32 on the GCC C Linker page, then click OK to save the settings
Make sure to clean the project so that previously created object files compiled with 64-bit GCC are removed, otherwise the build will fail. Go to Project->Clean… and either select Clean all projects or select Clean projects selected below, then selecting the current project (In my case it is comp2401a3). Click OK

Required Packages

Installing the following packages enabled standard C/C++ library calls to work. If other libraries are used within the code, additional 32-bit packages might have to be installed. Installation via Linux Mint, based on Ubuntu, is via the standard apt-get install command.

apt-get install g++-multilib lib32gcc1 libc6-i386 lib32z1 lib32stdc++6

apt-get install lib32asound2 lib32ncurses5 lib32gomp1 lib32z1-dev lib32bz2-dev

This might also be required if the code still does not compile:

apt-get install ia32-libs-gtk

Package for Valgrind

When running Valgrind on the 32-bit code the following error occurred.
valgrind: Fatal error at startup: a function redirection valgrind: which is mandatory for this platform-tool combination valgrind: cannot be set up. Details of the redirection are: valgrind: valgrind: A must-be-redirected function valgrind: whose name matches the pattern: strlen valgrind: in an object with soname matching: ld-linux.so.2 valgrind: was not found whilst processing valgrind: symbols from the object with soname: ld-linux.so.2 valgrind: valgrind: Possible fixes: (1, short term): install glibc’s debuginfo valgrind: package on this machine. (2, longer term): ask the packagers valgrind: for your Linux distribution to please in future ship a non- valgrind: stripped ld.so (or whatever the dynamic linker .so is called) valgrind: that exports the above-named function using the standard valgrind: calling conventions for this platform. The package you need valgrind: to install for fix (1) is called valgrind: valgrind: On Debian, Ubuntu: libc6-dbg valgrind: On SuSE, openSuSE, Fedora, RHEL: glibc-debuginfo valgrind: valgrind: Cannot continue — exiting now. Sorry.

After adding the suggested package libc6-dbg, the error still occurred. Installing the 32-bit version of the package fixed the error:

apt-get install libc6-dbg:i386

Conclusion

As shown above, it can be troublesome to set up cross compiling of 32-bit C/C++ code on a 64-bit machine, but if the reward of programming in the native operating system is worth more than programming in a virtual machine or on another computer, then it is a worthy cause.